MSc 1971 and PhD 1985, both in Chemical Engineering, from IST, "Instituto Superior Técnico", Universidade de Lisboa (University of Lisbon), Lisbon, Portugal. Consultant 1980-1985 at Quimigal (Barreiro, Portugal). Vice-president 1986-1993 of IST. Vice-president 1998-2001 of APQ (Portuguese Association for Quality).